水电站机组尾水循环冷却器简介 Introduction to the Tail water cooler for Hydropower Station Units

防沙、防漂浮物、防垢、防水生物、防腐蚀等新技术
New technologies such as sand prevention, floating object prevention, scale prevention, biological water prevention and corrosion prevention

技术背景 Technical Background

水电站机组冷却水防沙、防漂浮物、防垢、防水生物、防腐蚀等新技术是成都科技大学水电设计所在拉青水电站设施设计中最早提出的。
拉青水电站位于西昌地区，由成都科技大学水电设计所负责设计。在设施设计中，由于采用常规机组技术供水系统的清水池需设在半山腰无基岩的土坡上，无法解决清水池的稳定问题，经设计人员研究决定将“采用热交换原理对这一问题进行处理，四川华水工程模型试验开发有限公司应用于此技术。
2005年公司正式将“成都川华水工程技术开发部”注册为“四川川华华顺工程技术发展有限公司”，并将该技术不断的改革更新，目前该技术已在全国不少的水电站安装并运行良好。

The new technologies for sand prevention, floating object prevention, scale prevention, biological water prevention and corrosion prevention in the cooling water of hydropower station units were first proposed by the Hydropower Design Institute of Chengdu University of Science and Technology in the technical design of the Laqing Hydropower Station.
The Laqing Hydropower Station is located in the Xichang area and was designed by the Hydropower Design Institute of Chengdu University of Science and Technology. In the facility implementation design, since the clear water tank of the water supply system using conventional unit technology needs to be set on a soil slope without bedrock halfway up the mountain, the stability problem of the clear water tank cannot be solved. After research and decision by the designers, the principle of heat exchange was adopted to deal with this problem, and Sichuan Huashui Engineering Model Test Development Co., Ltd. has successfully applied this technology.
In 2005, the company officially registered "Chengdu Chuanhua Water Engineering Technology Development Department" as "Sichuan Chuanhuashun Engineering Research and Technology Development Co., Ltd." and has been constantly reforming and updating this technology. Currently, this technology has been installed and is operating well in many hydropower stations across the country.

设计需要资料 The design requires materials

循环冷却技术供水系统与水电站型式、机组机型、厂区枢纽及厂房布置等因素有关，故在电站技施设计主机订货后，由设计单位提供以下资料，我公司将及时提供该技术的系统图及安装图。
after the main unit of the power station technical construction design is ordered, the design unit shall provide the following materials, and our company will promptly provide the system diagram and installation diagram of this technology.

新建电站 Newly-built power station

技改电站 Technological transformation of power stations

对于技改电站我公司将首先对电站进行现场考查，并作出机组冷却水技改可行性研究报告，供电厂提交上级部门审查。
For the power station undergoing technological transformation, our company will first conduct an on-site inspection of the power station and prepare a feasibility study report on the technological transformation of the cooling water for the units. The power supply plant will then submit it to the superior department for review.

效益分析 Benefit analysis

• 确保机组正常运行，减少检修时间，增加电厂的发电量。

• 冷却水对技术供水系统设备磨损大为减小，从而延长设备使用寿命。

• 冷却水水质好，运行只需一般性检查。

• 便于水电站的自动化控制。可通过循环冷却水系统的电控部分，直接与水电站中控室自动控制接入，由中控室直接操作循环水系统。

• Ensure the normal operation of the units, reduce maintenance time and increase the power generation capacity of the power plant.

• The cooling water significantly reduces the wear and tear on the technical water supply system equipment, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

• The quality of the cooling water is good, and only general checks are required during operation.

• It is convenient for the automatic control of hydropower stations. The circulating cooling water system can be directly connected to the automatic control system of the hydropower station's central control room through the electric control part of the circulating cooling water system, and the central control room can directly operate the circulating water system.

多年来的推广和使用，证明本技术适用各种形式的厂房、各种装机容量、各种水头及各种形式的机组，而且经过不断的研究、完善和改进，大大提高了该技术的可靠性以及自动化程度。
Years of promotion and application have proved that this technology is applicable to various types of factories, different installed capacities, different water heads and various types of units. Moreover, through continuous research, improvement and refinement, the reliability and degree of automation of this technology have been greatly enhanced.

尾水冷却器简介 Brief Introduction of Tail Water Cooler

用途 Applications

用于水电站循环冷却技术供水系统，泵站循环冷却水系统，临河厂矿循环冷却水系统等。冷却介质为清洁水。
The cooler is used in the circulating cooling water system of hydropower station, pumping station, and the factory over the river, etc... The cooling medium is clean water.

使用条件 Working Conditions

主要技术性能保证 Main Technical Performance Guarantee

• 尾水冷却器有足够冷却余量，在河水最高温度条件下、在电站气温、水温及机组正常的出力范围内，尾水冷却器不因河流泥沙、漂浮物而影响机组正常运行，均能保证机组各冷却器的进水温度（即尾水冷却器出水温度）不超过25℃（特殊地区28~30℃）。

• 在正常使用条件下，尾水冷却器正常使用期不低于20年。

• 尾水冷却器在额定流量时，其进出口水力损失不超过10mH₂O（根据用户要求可调，最低为6 mH₂O）。

• 尾水冷却器保证有足够的刚度和强度，以能承受尾水冷却器的内、外水压力。保证冷却器不因尾水流作用引起结构部件的振动，不使冷却器焊缝因疲劳而造成漏水或位移，保证冷却器带水起吊出水面后不发生任何有害的变形。

• 尾水冷却器的结构设计，考虑安装、检修方便。

• 尾水冷却器制造完毕后进行水压试验，试验合格后，再进行泵组阻力试验。试验合格后，方能出厂。

• The tail water cooler has sufficient cooling margin, and the cooler will not affect the unit's normal operation due to river sediment, floating objects under the maximum temperature of the river and when the power station temperature, water temperature and in the normal unit output range, it shall also guarantee the water inlet temperature of each cooler (i.e. tail cooler water outlet temperature) does not exceed 25℃ (special area: 28~30℃).

• Under normal conditions of use, tail water cooler shall be in service at least 20 years.

• Tail water cooler in the rated flow, the import and export hydraulic losses shall not be more than 10mH2O (it can be adjusted according to user requirements, the minimum is 6 mH2O).

• The tail water cooler ensures sufficient rigidity and strength to withstand the internal and external water pressure. It shall guarantee that the cooler will not cause the vibration of the structural parts due to the action of the tail water flow, the cooler will not cause any leakage or displacement due to fatigue and it shall ensure that the cooler taken out from the water surface will not have any harmful deformation.

• Tail water cooler structure design shall be convenient for installation and maintenance.

• Tail water cooler shall perform water pressure test after manufacturing, and perform pump resistance test after passing the pressure test. And only after passing the tests, the cooler can only be delivered.

循环冷却供水系统工作原理 The working principle of the circulating cooling water supply system

循环冷却供水系统为开式循环系统，循环水采用经过水质处理的清洁水。
The circulating cooling water supply system is an open circulation system, and the circulating water uses clean water that has undergone water quality treatment.

工作原理 Working principle

机组冷却水通过机组后，带走机组运行产生的热量，经排水管道排入循环水池；水泵从循环水池内抽水至布置在尾水中的尾水冷却器，与河水进行热交换作用后温度降低；然后又送到机组。如此，机组冷却水在一个往复循环的系统中，通过流动的温度较低的天然河水带走机组运行产生的热量。
由于循环水采用了经过水质处理的清洁水，可有效防堵塞、防结垢、防腐蚀、防水生物，彻底解决了水电站机组冷却水水质问题。

After passing through the unit, the cooling water of the unit takes away the heat generated by the operation of the unit and is discharged into the circulating water pool through the drainage pipe. The water pump draws water from the circulating water pool to the tailwater cooler arranged in the tailwater. After heat exchange with the river water, the temperature is lowered. Then it is sent to the unit. In this way, the cooling water of the unit is carried away by the heat generated during the operation of the unit through the flowing natural river water with a lower temperature in a reciprocating circulation system.
As the circulating water uses clean water that has undergone water quality treatment, it can effectively prevent clogging, scaling, corrosion and biological growth in water, and thoroughly solve the water quality problem of cooling water for hydropower station units.

系统特点 System characteristics

• 彻底解决泥沙、漂浮物对机组冷却系统的危害，保证机组安全稳定运行。

• 循环水水质清洁，减少设备磨损、结垢、腐蚀，延长设备使用寿命。

• 无需修建高位清水池，降低工程投资成本。

• 系统自动化程度高，可实现无人值守运行。

• 运行维护成本低，仅需定期进行常规检查和水质监测。

• Thoroughly solve the harm of sediment and floating objects to the unit cooling system and ensure the safe and stable operation of the unit.

• The circulating water is clean, which reduces equipment wear, scaling and corrosion, and extends the service life of equipment.

• No need to build a high-level clear water tank, which reduces the project investment cost.

• The system has a high degree of automation and can realize unattended operation.

• The operation and maintenance cost is low, only regular routine inspection and water quality monitoring are required.